pregnancy medical terminology

A perfect Apgar score is 10; typical Apgar scores are seven, eight or nine. Kicks from an active baby may cause sharp pains, and lower backaches are common. In most cases, an ectopic pregnancy is not viable. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath occurs as the growing uterus presses on the woman's diaphragm. Mr. This web site is managed and authorised by the Department of Health, State Government of Victoria, Australia Copyright State of Victoria 2021. Monozygotic means one (mono) fertilized egg (zygotic). Synonym(s): gravid [see pregnancy] The average duration of pregnancy is about 280 days. Nutritional assessment is an essential part of antepartal care. Epidural is a method of pain relief during labor. For women who have never been pregnant, the . Clinical data identify a common pattern of late entry to the prenatal care system, failure to return for scheduled appointments, and noncompliance with medical and nursing recommendations. Copyright 2021 American Pregnancy Association Web Design by Edesen, Many women today find themselves trying to conceive after the ageof 35. Abdominal: The incidence of pregnancy in the abdominal cavity with the conceptus attached to an abdominal organ is between 1:3000 and 1:4000 births. Or, sometimes they've read up so much on EVERY. Doulas don't have medical training but help you during and after you give birth. See: Chadwick sign; Goodell sign; Hegar sign. No medication (not even a nonprescription drug) should be taken except under medical supervision, since it could pass from the mother through the placenta to the developing baby. Exercise: If the pregnancy is progressing normally, exercise should be continued. See: table, Vaccinations: Influenza vaccination is recommended during pregnancy. Pruritus: The normal stretching of the skin may generate itching on the breasts, abdomen, and vulva. Extension of the duration of pregnancy beyond the beginning of the 42nd week (294 days) of gestation, as counted from the first day of the last normal menstrual period. Pregnancy Definition The period from conception to birth. Total weight gain and the pattern by which it increases should be monitored to enable early signs of pregnancy-related problems common to the particular point in gestation. Pregnancy with implantation of the embryo in the cervical canal. Nuchal fold is the skin at the back of the neck (nape). Effacement is the thinning of your cervix during labor. Toxoplasmosis is an infection you can get from contact with a parasite in cat feces or from undercooked meat. Estimation of the date on which delivery should occur is based on the first day of . Meconium is the first black, tarry stool from a newborn. Use of an emollient lotion may be suggested; the patient is instructed to inform her primary caregiver if vulvovaginal itching occurs in conjunction with an increase or alteration in vaginal discharge. Weight: In average-sized individuals, expected first trimester weight gain is 2 to 5 lb. In 2009, there were 4,143,000 live births in the U.S. Presumptive and probable signs are those commonly associated with pregnancy but may be due to other causes, such as oral contraceptive therapy. New Delhi: The Delhi High Court on Tuesday said the "ultimate decision" in matters of abortion ought to recognise a woman's choice to give birth and the possibility of dignified life of the unborn child while allowing a 26-year-old married woman to undergo medical termination of her 33-week pregnancy. obstetrician - a doctor who has undertaken specialist training in pregnancy and childbirth ovaries - the female reproductive organs that release eggs into the fallopian tubes, where they may be fertilised if sperm are present ovulation - the monthly release of a mature egg from an ovary. . Spina bifida cannot be cured, but a range of treatments and management options is available, spontaneous labour when labour starts by itself (without medical help), stillbirth the death of a baby after 20 weeks gestation but before birth, stretch marks discoloured stripey patterns that can appear on the abdomen, breasts, buttocks or legs during pregnancy because of skin stretching. Occurring in the third trimester, it usually resolves spontaneously after delivery. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Fertilization:, Implantation:, Placenta: and more. Pituitary activity increases; prolactin levels increase ensuring lactation; placental hormones prevent ovulation and encourage development of the corpus luteum. Breech means the baby's buttocks (complete breech) or feet (footling breech) are pointing to the birth canal. Conception: When the egg is available for fertilization and 350 million sperm are released inside or near the womans vaginal area, about 200 sperm will reach the egg. Tubal: Ninety to 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube; of these, 78% become implanted in the uterine ampulla, 12% in the isthmus, and 2% to 3% in the interstices. This can happen weeks before labor, or when labor begins and does not predict when labor will occur. I have burning rashes all over my face and neck and it is itching a lot. It helps protect your baby and helps develop your baby's lungs. Cervix is the opening of the uterus at the top of the vagina. Prescribed analgesics and other medications are administered, and the patient evaluated for desired and adverse effects. Synonym: Ectopic implantation of the zygote in the ampulla of a fallopian tube; 78% of all ectopic pregnancies occur in this site. Pregnancies in older women are considered high risk for reasons similar to those related to mature pregnancy. A thin fluid may be expressed from the nipples. Spinal block is similar to an epidural and involves an injection of anesthetic into the spinal fluid in the lower back. Pregnancy giving rise to a hydatidiform mole. Endocrine glands: The size and activity of the thyroid gland increase markedly. Many women feel hot, sweat easily and often find it hard to get comfortable. This helps prevent leaking urine. See the use of terms relating to the number of potential and viable. The patient's and family's wishes regarding religious rites for the products of conception are determined. With each contraction, you push until the baby moves down the birth canal. It can be dangerous to your baby if you become infected during pregnancy. Sports to avoid include water skiing, horseback riding, and scuba diving. It also removes waste products. Examples of clinical pregnancies include healthy singleton, twin, and other multiple pregnancies; ectopic pregnancies; and threatened miscarriages, among others. It involves lifting and turning a baby inside the womb from outside the abdomen. The pain relief lasts 1 to 2 hours. Learn system pregnancy medical terminology with free interactive flashcards. Birth plan is a written document that describes what you would like to happen during labor and delivery. This can threaten the mother's health and the pregnancy must be ended. Often used to speed up a labour that has slowed, breech when the baby is positioned inside the uterus with its bottom or feet down, instead of its head, caesarean section a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through a cut in the abdomen and uterus (also called a C-section), cervix the narrow, lower end of the uterus that softens and opens during labour to allow the baby to come out, conception the process of becoming pregnant,when a sperm and egg join to form a single cell (alternative terms include fertilisation, impregnation and insemination), contraction the often strong and painful tightening of the uterus during labour that causes the womans cervix to dilate and that helps push the baby through the birth canal, crowning time during labour when the babys head has reached the external vaginal opening and can be seen from the outside, dilation the opening of the cervix, measured as the diameter of the cervix in centimeters. Immune system Alterations in T helper cell dominance produce immunological tolerance for the fetus and the placenta, both of which contain antigens that are alien to the mother. [2] Each has its own placenta and amniotic sac. A pregnancy implanted anywhere outside of the uterus. My wife is 6 weeks pregnant with our first baby. On average, pregnant women need an additional 300 calories a day. It can cause bleeding and requires a cesarean delivery. Most twins are dichorionic. 7: Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. Also called maternal-fetal medicine specialists. Lightening is when your baby "drops" or descends into the pelvis. It scores heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color with a 0, 1, or 2. This is the medical term for fraternal twins. Breast changes: The breasts become enlarged, tender, and more nodular. See: morning sickness. Stretch marks may develop on abdomen, breasts, and thighs, and a dark line may appear from the navel to pubic hair. MFM stands for maternal-fetal medicine. the thinning of the cervix. The woman can increase calcium intake by drinking the recommended daily quart of milk or by drinking a pint of milk daily and taking a calcium supplement with vitamin D. Back pain: Growing anterior mass, shift in center of gravity, and increased lumbar curve contribute to backaches. Pregnancy in association with these conditions is more likely to compromise the health of the mother or developing fetus than are normal pregnancies. Blighted ovum is when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall but an embryo does not develop. They also provide emotional support. Heartburn: Hormone-related delayed gastric emptying, cardiac sphincter relaxation, and stomach displacement by the growing uterus contribute to reflux. Endometrium: The embryo gets its nutrients from this lining of the uterus. Conjoined twins are rare. LoginAsk is here to help you access Pregnancy Medical Terminology quickly and handle each specific case you encounter. It begins to go away during the third trimester, but may not fully disappear until after birth. It fades again after delivery. The pregnant woman experiences many physiological alterations related to the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone and to the demands of the growing fetus; every system in the woman's body responds to these changes. The remaining weight that a woman gains during pregnancy is mostly due to water retention and fat stores. There is a better chance that a fetus born during this month will survive. Will she be tired all her pregnancy? See: vaginitis. Surfactant is a substance made in your baby's lungs. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The areola usually gets darker early in pregnancy. Early complaints are consistent with those of a normal pregnancy (i.e., amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea). Amniotic fluid is the clear fluid that surrounds your baby in the uterus. You can have a test for this defect during the second trimester to help you make decisions about your pregnancy. Also called chloasma or melasma, it usually fades after a baby is born. in weight, and she gains another 4 lb due to the increased blood volume of pregnancy. Pregnancy in adolescence: Although pregnancy among teenagers is decreasing in the U.S., about 7% of all American teenage girls still become pregnant in any given year, one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in developed countries. The fallopian tube is the most common site for ectopic pregnancies but they can also occur on the ovary or the peritoneal surface of the abdominal cavity. Although urinary frequency is common in the first and last trimesters, bladder capacity actually increases; however, pressure from the growing uterus reduces the volume required to stimulate voiding. Here are a few terms often used in pregnancy which may help you in having a clearer idea on what the test, scan reports mean and your doctor says. GPA Terminology - Gravida Para Abortus GPA is the abbreviation for gravida, para, abortus. Weighing 1-1.5 lbs (454-681 g), the fetus is red, wrinkly, and covered with fine hair all over its body. Dietary recommendations emphasize a high-quality, well-balanced diet. High-risk pregnancy is when you or your baby are at increased risk of a health problem. By the 22nd week, most women have felt the baby move. The Institute of Medicine recommends the following weight gains during singleton pregnancies: a woman with a prepregnancy body mass index less than 19.8 should gain 25 to 39 lb (11.4 to 17.7 kg); a woman with a prepregnancy body mass index from 19.8 to 26 should gain 25 to 34 lb (11.4 to 15.5 kg); and a woman with a prepregnancy body mass index from 26 to 29 should gain 15 to 24 lb (6.8 to 10.9 kg). Both patient and family are encouraged to express their feelings of fear, loss, and grief. During pregnancy and childbirth, you may see and hear lots of different medical terms. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The cervix dilates or widens during labor to allow your baby to be born. It transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to your baby from the placenta. Preterm = 20-37 wks,>500 gms <2500gms Abortion = <20 weeks, <500gms,<25cm Post term = >42 weeks Puerperium = birth -42 days postpartum Trimesters: 1st <12 wks, 2nd = 13-28 wks, 3rd = >28 wks Improve your fertility and get pregnant faster Obie is your reproductive health coach, helping you reach your goal with expert personalized guidance. Pregnancy test results are positive owing to the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in blood and urine. Diamniotic twins have separate amniotic sacs. The average duration of pregnancy is about 280 days. Women should begin taking 400 mcg of. Now 4 oz (112 g), the fetus can hear and urinate, and has established sleep-wake cycles. It is important to have a copy of current medical records along when traveling. Symptoms usually occur between 6 and 12 weeks after conception. Positive Pregnancy and Parenting Fitness. In late pregnancy, nonstress tests, contraction stress tests, and fetal biophysical profiles may be done; amniocentesis may be done to evaluate fetal lung maturity. Common perineal hygiene usually is effective as a comfort measure; douching is contraindicated during pregnancy. Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 . The 1 in (2.5 cm) long fetus has a complete cartilage skeleton, which is replaced by bone cells by month's end. Common Terms of Pregnancy and B irth | Pregnancy and Giving Birth UWMC Maternal and Infant Care Clinic | Box 356159 | 1959 N.E. The vagina elongates as the uterus rises in the pelvis; the mucosa thickens, with increases in secretions, vascularity, and elasticity. The embryo receives nutrients and eliminates waste through the umbilical cord and placenta. If drugs are not used to promote fertility, the incidence of natural twin pregnancies is 1:94; however, 20% of women who have undergone treatment with fertility drugs develop multiple pregnancies. 51 Saltrock Rd., Baltic, CT 06330. 3rd stage of labor is the placenta delivery. The woman should contact her primary caregiver promptly if profuse, malodorous, or blood-tinged discharge occurs. [1] These terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the woman's obstetric history. (301) 496-5133. In about one-half of twin pregnancies diagnosed by ultrasound early in the first trimester, one twin will silently abort, and this may or may not be accompanied by bleeding. Also called premature. Conception: When the egg is available for fertilization and 350 million sperm are released inside or near the woman's vaginal area, about 200 sperm will reach the egg. By the end of the first month, the liver and digestive system begin to develop, and the heart starts to beat. It happens when the ligaments that hold your uterus in suspension within your abdomen stretch. Information regarding the condition and the need for surgical intervention is clarified. The following list provides definitions for some of the more common terms. Placental abruption is when the placenta detaches from the wall of the uterus causing bleeding and pain in the abdomen. Colostrum may leak out during the last trimester, as the breasts prepare for lactation. Medications are injected into the space just outside your spinal cord, causing decreased sensation to the nerves. TPAL terminology= A system used to describe obstetrical history. Neural tube defect is a birth defect that develops in a baby's brain or spinal cord, such as spina bifida. While home pregnancy tests are very accurate, they are less accurate than a pregnancy test conducted at a lab. However, a hemoglobin concentration of less than 11 g is usually due to iron deficiency. Multiple-gestation secondary assisted reproduction also may be a factor in fetal loss. The neural tube in your developing baby becomes the brain, spinal cord, and backbone. This can be achieved either through a surgical procedure or by taking a combination of prescribed medications (medical abortion), amniotic fluid the liquid that surrounds a baby in the uterus (also called waters), amniotic sac the sac around the baby inside the uterus, anaesthetic a drug that gives total or partial loss of sensation of a part or the whole of the body, anaesthetist a doctor who specialises in giving anaesthetic, antenatal a term that means before birth (alternative terms are prenatal and antepartum), antepartum haemorrhage bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy, Apgar score a test given one minute after a baby is born, then again five minutes later, that assesses a babys appearance (skin colour), pulse, grimace (reflex), activity (muscle tone) and respiration. A woman's nutritional status before and during pregnancy is an important factor that affects both her health and that of her unborn child. The father of the baby is taught how to coach their partner through labor. A woman has a choice of many methods of. In the second trimester (13-28 weeks) a woman begins to look noticeably pregnant and the enlarged uterus is easy to feel. She also may use stool softeners. The first sign of pregnancy is usually a missed menstrual period, although some women bleed in the beginning. For example, if you have high blood pressure or are pregnant with more than one baby, you are a high-risk pregnancy. Linea nigra is the line from the belly button to the pubic hair. To relieve discomfort, the pregnant woman should wear well-fitting, low-heeled shoes and perform exercises that increase abdominal muscle tone. [L. praegnans, with child, pregnant] The condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body after successful conception. It can also result in less oxygen getting to your baby. This allows the cervix to stretch for your baby to pass through. Trimester: The period of time denotes a particular stage of pregnancy. Second-degree tears often require stitches, second-stage labour the time from the complete dilation of the cervix (10 cm) to the birth, second trimester the time from 14 weeks to 26 weeks of pregnancy, special care nursery (SCN) a unit in a hospital for babies who need special medical care, spina bifida a birth defect that occurs during the first month of pregnancy when a babys backbone does not fully close, leaving part of the spinal cord exposed. Abortion: The loss of an embryo or fetus either spontaneously (miscarriage) or induced (when a pregnancy is terminated on purpose) before 20 weeks. It contains stem cells that may be used to treat future medical problems in your child or someone else. A surgical cut to this tissue (episiotomy) may be done in some cases to help deliver a baby. For travel in an area known to be endemic for malaria, certain drugs will be needed for prophylaxis. About 25 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage, and more than 80 percent of these losses happen before 12 weeks. Although the red blood cell count rises by about 30%, a 50% increase in blood volume creates dilutional anemia. Travel: Preparing for travel during pregnancy will depend upon the number of weeks gestation, the duration of the travel, and the method (i.e., auto, boat, bus, train, airplane). Mask of pregnancy is a common skin change during pregnancy in which the skin gets darker around. Growth restriction is diagnosed when the baby weighs less than the 10th percentile for gestation age. Previously, it had been assumed that the postmenopausal uterus would not be capable of supporting the growth and development of an embryo. For severe, unresponsive heartburn, over-the-counter H2 blockers, such as ranitidine (Zantac) or famotidine (Pepcid), may be recommended. Birth defects occur if the neural tube doesn't develop correctly. Presumptive symptoms include amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, fatigue, chloasma, vaginal hyperemia (Chadwick sign), and quickening. Probable signs include increased abdominal girth, palpable fetal outline, softening of the lower uterine segment (Hegar sign), softening of the cervix (Goodell sign), and immunodiagnostic pregnancy tests. LABOUR All fraternal twins and most identical twins are diamniotic. This is where fertilisation most often occurs, false labour see Braxton Hicks contractions, fertility being able to conceive and carry a baby though to the end of the pregnancy, fertility treatment medical treatment that helps a woman conceive, first-degree tear a tear involving only the perineal skin (adjacent to the vaginal opening) that occurs at the time of delivery that doesnt always require stitches, first trimester the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, folic acid a B vitamin found naturally in green leafy vegetables that helps prevent anaemia and has been shown to reduce the incidence of some birth defects including spina bifida (see definition below), fontanelles the six soft spots on a babys head that allow its skull to compress during birth so it can pass through the birth canal. Signs and symptoms arise as the growing embryo distends the fallopian tube; associated complaints include intermittent, unilateral, colicky abdominal pain. This is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby. It blocks feeling in the lower body, but you stay alert. Traditionally, cornual pregnancies have been managed with laparotomy and hysterectomy, although conservative management strategies are employed occasionally. Ectopic implantation occurs in about 1 of every 150 pregnancies. It starts to grow in weeks 13 to 16 and is thickest weeks 28 to 30. This is the medical term for identical twins. They reflect estrogen-related stimulation of skin melanocytes. External cephalic version is a process used to gently turn a breech (transverse) baby into the head-down position for birth. More rest is needed as the woman copes with the added. Conjoined twins are identical twins whose skin and internal organs are fused together. A full-term pregnancy lasts approximately 270 days (approximately 38.5 weeks) from conception to birth. Thyroid-binding globulin and triiodothyronine levels rise, while thyroid-stimulating hormone levels drop slightly. Increased amounts of essential nutrients (i.e., protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium, B vitamins, vitamin C, folate, and iron) are necessary to meet nutritional needs of both mother and fetus. Lamaze technique involves teaching breathing and relaxation techniques to distract the mother from pain during a natural delivery. If nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a factor, travel by sea isn't advisable. Transabdominal or transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography is used to identify the location of the pregnancy. All the major organs are now beginning to form; the kidneys are now functional and the four chambers of the heart are complete. No catheter is used. This would include women over age 35, who had another child or a close relative with a birth defect, or who have been exposed to certain drugs or high levels of radiation. Mask of pregnancy is a common skin change during pregnancy in which the skin gets darker around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. This more expensive test, which also looks for hCG, can produce a result within nine to 12 days after conception. This is done in an attempt to prolong the pregnancy if the cervix begins to dilate too early. The umbilical cord is a tube-like structure that connects a baby to the placenta and the mother's bloodstream. Round ligament pain is a jabbing pain in the right side of your pelvis. A process of caring for the woman in pregnancy, during and after childbirth, and for her newborn, that includes considering all necessary elements: care to ensure they remain healthy, and prevention, detection and management of complications in the context of her environment and according to her wishes. Hemorrhoids are common and caused by increased pressure in the lower pelvis and constipation. Perinatologists are obstetrician-gynecologists who specialize in high-risk pregnancies. Working: Healthy pregnant women who are employed in jobs that present no more risk than those in daily life are encouraged to continue working if they desire until shortly before delivery. 31, Rm. The condition is treatable and usually disappears after pregnancy, gynaecologist a doctor who has undertaken specialist training in womens health, home birth labour and delivery that takes place at home, under the supervision of a midwife, immunisation the administration of a vaccine, often by injection, that makes the body resistant to certain bacteria or viruses, in utero a term that means inside the uterus, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) the process used to conceive a child outside the body, where a woman's eggs are fertilised with a mans sperm then placed in the woman's uterus, incontinence an inability to control your bladder or bowel movements, induced when a healthcare professional tries to artificially start a womans labour, jaundice a condition where a persons skin and the whites of their eyes take on a yellowish tinge. Mucus plug blocks the opening of the cervix to keep bacteria out during pregnancy. Rising levels of clotting factors VII, VIII, IX, X, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor increase coagulability. A thick mucous plug fills the cervical canal. Segmental resection allows salvage and later reconstruction of the affected tube. Demographic data indicate that teen pregnancy is more likely to be associated with being single, having low socioeconomic status, and lacking social support systems. During this stage, your uterus mildly contracts to push the placenta out. Prior to undergoing this procedure, the women had been undergoing hormone replacement therapy. The woman also should be instructed in how to reinsert the hemorrhoid with a well-lubricated finger, holding it in place for 1 to 2 min before releasing the pressure. In Victoria, you can have two types of abortion: surgical and medication. The fontanels completely fuse by the time the child is two years old, forceps tong-shaped instruments placed around the babys head to help it travel through the birth canal during childbirth, full term when a pregnancy is a normal duration (3742 weeks gestation), gestation the length of time (in days or weeks) that a baby is in the uterus, gestational diabetes a condition that develops during pregnancy when the womans blood sugar levels become too high because inadequate levels of insulin. The Victorian Government acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the Traditional Custodians of the land and acknowledges and pays respect to their Elders, past and present. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract. Pregnancy in which the amniotic sac ruptures and the embryo comes to lie in direct contact with the uterine wall. The first stage ends when you are 10 centimeters (cm) dilated. long. Sometimes, GPA terminology is combined with TPAL terminology. This branch of medicine focuses on high-risk pregnancies. For example, the obstetric anesthetist may give a woman in labor an epidural. Preterm: Counting from the first day of the womans last period, preterm is considered before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. Sometimes patients have NO idea what anything is. There are three trimesters in a pregnancy, each being three months. This means cutting back on high-calorie, high-fat, high-sugar snacks, and increasing the amount of fruits, vegetables and whole grains in her diet. The flu vaccine was equally protective for pregnant women with underlying medical problems such as asthma and diabetes, which also increase the risk of serious medical complications including a worsening of those chronic conditions. The state of a female after conception and until the termination of the gestation. It includes your preferences about pain medication, breastfeeding, the delivery setting, and who you want present at the birth. You can have a surgical abortion from around six weeks of pregnancy onwards. However, it does not predict when labor will occur. The newest home tests can detect pregnancy on the day of the missed menstrual period. Additional testing may include determining HIV status and hepatitis immunity. State of a female after conception and until termination of gestation. The areolae darken; the nipples become more sensitive and erectile; and Montgomery's tubercles enlarge. Even though its lungs are not fully developed, a fetus born during this month can survive with intensive care. by: Some abortion services in Victoria offer reduced fees to students, healthcare card holders and those experiencing financial difficulty. Complications include oligohydramnios, passage of meconium, macrosomatia, and dysmaturity, all of which may lead to poor pregnancy outcome, including perinatal death. Occurs in about 2% of pregnancies. Doula is a professional labor coach. A score lower than seven means that the baby might need help breathing, assisted reproductive technology any procedure performed to help achieve a pregnancy, baby blues mild depression that follows childbirth; usually the result of hormonal swings, birth canal the passageway (made up of the cervix and vagina) that the baby travels through during birth, birth plan a written document describing a womans preferences for her care during labour and birth, blood transfusion a procedure where a woman is given blood, Braxton Hicks contractions a tightening of the uterus (womb) that may feel like a labour contraction. Morning sickness can occur at any time of day, usually begins at four to eight weeks gestation and generally subsides by week 16 of the pregnancy, multiple pregnancy when a woman is carrying more than one baby, natural birth birth without any interventions for example a vaginal delivery rather than a caesarean section, neonatal period the time from a babys birth to four weeks of age, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) a unit in the hospital for babies who need a high level of special medical care, neonate a newborn baby, up to four weeks of age, newborn a baby between birth and four weeks old, nursery a room in a hospital where babies can stay during the day or overnight, obstetrician a doctor who has undertaken specialist training in pregnancy and childbirth, ovaries the female reproductive organs that release eggs into the fallopian tubes, where they may be fertilised if sperm are present, ovulation the monthly release of a mature egg from an ovary. Medical terminology about pregnancy loss and miscarriage has changed over the years, and there is no consensus concerning nomenclature for differing data sets to be compared. Induced is when your doctor brings on or speeds up your labor using medical methods. Hemorrhoids: Temporary symptomatic relief may be obtained by Sitz baths and analgesic ointments. By now, the fetus has grown to 4 in (10 cm) and weighs a little more than an ounce (28 g). The period from conception to birth. Start studying Medical Terminology - Ch. Striae gravidarum, also called stretch marks, may appear in the skin of the abdomen, breasts, and thighs. Salpingectomy is reserved for cases in which tubal damage is so extensive that reanastomosis is not possible. Pregnant teenagers are believed to be at high risk for some complications of pregnancy; if, however, they seek prenatal care early and consistently cooperate with recommendations, the risk is comparable to that for other age groups. Cardiovascular alterations: Circulating blood volume increases progressively throughout pregnancy, peaking in the middle of the third trimester. All organs are now fully formed, although they will continue to grow for the next five months. Placenta previa is when the placenta is covering all or part of the cervix. No matter what the type of exercise, it is important to remember that, with the progress of pregnancy, the center of gravity will change and probably prevent participation at the same level and skill as before pregnancy. Passing meconium before birth may be a sign of fetal distress, midwife a person who has been specially trained to care for women during pregnancy, labour, birth and the post-birth period, model of care the way maternity care is organised, morning sickness nausea, vomiting and aversions to certain foods and smells that affect most pregnant women to some degree. Your abdominal muscles tighten briefly but the cervix does not dilate. In addition, the presence of pre-existing and coexisting disorders, such as anemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, and phenylketonuria, may affect dietary recommendations. Substance abuse increases the risk of inadequate nutrition, low maternal weight gain, low-birth-weight infants, and perinatal mortality. Braxton Hicks are your body's "practice contractions." It allows the lungs to remain inflated so your baby can breathe at birth. Once she becomes pregnant, she should make sure to get at least six to 11 servings of breads and other whole grains, three to five servings of vegetables, two to four servings of fruits, four to six servings of milk and milk products, three to four servings of meat and protein foods, and six to eight glasses of water. Problems with dental caries may become more prominent during pregnancy but can be prevented with oral rinses (such as chlorhexidine) and regular brushing and flossing. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It is the pre-milk substance that your newborn needs for nourishment during the first few days after birth. Frequent urination is common, and there, (Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group.). Chadwick's sign is an early sign of pregnancy. These are medical terms related to pregnancy as well as birth. abortion termination (end) of a pregnancy. T=term births P=preterm births (prior to 37 weeks gestation) A=abortions L=living children Example: a woman who has 2 living children born as preterm twins in her first pregnancy would be designated as: TPAL 0-1-0-2 - 0 term births, 1 delivery prior to 37 weeks Methotrexate has been used successfully to induce dissolution of unruptured tubal masses less than 3.5 cm. 409 12th St., Washington, DC 20024. The abdominal cavity is the least common location. Women with any of these risk factors may want to consider. Parathyroid activity decreases during the first trimester, then increases throughout the pregnancy to meet the increasing calcium demands of the fetus. Now weighing 4-5 lbs (1.8-2.3 kg) and measuring 16-18 in (40-45 cm) long, the fetus may at this time prepare for delivery next month by moving into the head-down position. 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. By the third trimester (29-40 weeks), many women begin to experience a range of common symptoms. Full term is the beginning of week 39 to the end of week 40 of pregnancy. The grieving process is anticipated, and both the patient and family are referred for further counseling as needed. Most nutritional and metabolic needs can be met by eating a balanced daily diet containing approximately 35 kcal for each kilogram of optimal body weight plus an additional 300 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters. Complaints associated with tubal rupture include sharp unilateral pelvic or lower abdominal pain; orthostatic dizziness and vertigo or syncope; and referred shoulder pain related to peritoneal irritation from abdominal bleeding (hemoperitoneum). These blotches may merge into one dark mask. If the result is negative and there is no menstrual period within another week, the pregnancy test should be repeated. Dilation is the gradual opening of your cervix during labor. This occurs in an estimated 3% to 12% of pregnancies. During the second trimester, the uterus rises out of the pelvis, becoming an abdominal organ and relieving bladder compression until late in the third trimester. There are many ways to avoid pregnancy. Perineum is the area between the vaginal opening and the anus. She should limit caffeine to no more than one soft drink or cup of coffee per day. Safety belts, preferably the combined lap and shoulder type, should be worn with the lap portion below the pregnant abdomen not across it. Of those 200 sperms, only one will actually penetrate the egg, thus causing conception. Some women also find that the line running from the top to the bottom of their abdomen darkens. Pregnancy after menopause: Very rarely, postmenopausal women have become pregnant through embryo donation and have successfully carried the pregnancy to term delivery. A baby born during this time is full term. Medications (including RhoGAM if the patient is Rh negative) may be prescribed and administered and the patient's response evaluated. Contraction: The uterus tightens so that the cervix thins and dilates, making way for the baby to go through the birth canal. the uterine muscle contracts and the cervix expands its opening. fre e porn WebAgenesis (a-genesis) - In medical terms, agenesis means absence of something. This opportunity can be full of joy and, You may be asking this question because you want to know how pregnancy happens, but more than likely you are, About Pregnancy, Nutrition and Life For many families the inability to conceive is a heartbreaking reality. Identical twins develop from one fertilized egg and have the same genetic makeup. Blood tests to determine pregnancy are usually used only when a very early diagnosis of pregnancy is needed. The numbers are added together with a maximum of 10. Drugs taken during the first three months of a pregnancy may interfere with the normal formation of the baby's organs, leading to birth defects. Estimation of the date on which delivery should occur is based on the first day of the last menstrual period. Dichorionic twins have two placentas. 2nd stage of labor is pushing and delivery, which can last from 20 minutes to 3 or more hours. due date. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is when the unborn baby does not grow appropriately in the mother's womb. Victorias pregnancy, birth and maternal services, help from planning a pregnancy through to giving birth and caring for a newborn. Pregnancy that extends beyond 42 wk of gestation. Cord blood banking is the process of collecting and storing your baby's blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth. In response to elevated estrogen and progesterone levels, the cervix and lower uterine segment soften. An essential component to anticipatory guidance and patient teaching is to encourage the woman's active participation in her own health maintenance and pregnancy progress. Insulin resistance increases; this poses a risk, for some women, of glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus. Areola is the pinkish-brown skin surrounding your nipple. During an ultrasound, doctors can measure the thickness of the nuchal fold to test for certain genetic abnormalities. An ectopic pregnancy in which the embryo develops in the fallopian tube. Travel during the last part of pregnancy isn't advised unless obstetrical care is available at the destination(s). Ultrasound may be used to determine age, rate of growth, position, some birth defects, and fetal sex. LITTLE. In this month, the heart starts to pump and the nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord) begins to develop. Postoperative: Vital signs are monitored until stable, incisional dressings are inspected, vaginal bleeding is assessed, and the patient's physical and emotional reactions to the surgery are evaluated. Many women also feel extremely tired during the early weeks. Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects if a woman is exposed to them during pregnancy. A pregnancy that is confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or urine but cannot be seen using contemporary imaging techniques. Gestation: The age of the fetus, determined using the beginning date of the mothers last menstrual period. Chloasma, also known as the "mask of pregnancy" or melasma, is caused by hormonal changes that result in blotches of pale brown skin appearing on the forehead, cheeks, and nose. To hear audio pronunciation of this topic, purchase a subscription or log in. Peripheral vascular resistance drops. Both these terms help in accumulating the health history of a woman. 1st stage of labor begins with contractions that are close enough and strong enough to bring about a change in your cervical dilation. embryo the name given to a fertilised egg from the time of conception until the eighth week, epidural a type of anaesthetic commonly used in labour where drugs are used to numb the lower half of the body, fallopian tubes the narrow ducts or tubes in a womans abdomen that carry the egg from the ovaries to the uterus. If it is born prior to 38 weeks and 6 days, it is premature. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. During the second trimester, nausea and vomiting often fade away, and the pregnant woman often feels much better and more energetic. When you pass your mucus plug, it is a sign that your cervix is softening and changing in preparation for childbirth. Pregnancy Medical Terminology will sometimes glitch and take you a long time to try different solutions. Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy is the most common benign dermatosis of pregnancy. Fingers and toes appear. An operative approach is most common. Ectopic pregnancy is when the fertilized embryo attaches outside the uterus instead of in the uterine lining; most often occurring in the fallopian tube. Wonderful and I, Establishing Paternity with Paternity Tests, Can I get pregnant ifand other questions about conception, Products & Tests to Support Your Pregnancy, Supplements and Medications for a Healthy Pregnancy. They can begin as early as the second trimester and often occur when you are tired or dehydrated or after sex. Because it is difficult to meet all the daily dietary recommendations, vitamin and iron supplements are recommended. Laparoscopy and linear laser salpingostomy can be used to excise early ectopic implantations; healing is by secondary intention. The State of Victoria and the Department of Healthshall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Adding 0.5 lb (227 g) a week as the due date approaches, the fetus drops lower into the mother's abdomen and prepares for the onset of labor, which may begin any time between the 37th and 42nd week of gestation. Is this the symptom of pregnancy? Skeletal system: Softening and increased mobility of the pelvic articulations is reflected in the waddling gait of pregnancy. An extrauterine pregnancy in which the embryonic sac is formed partly in the abdominal extremity of the oviduct and partly in the abdominal cavity. Abortion is one of the most common and safest types of surgery in Australia. Combined Screening Test - Between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, .G stands for Gravida and P for para. Q. Also called trisomy 21.You can have a test for this defect during the first and second trimester to help you make decisions about your pregnancy. The use of low-sodium or combination aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide preparations is recommended for symptomatic relief. A healthy gain for most women is between 25 and 35 pounds. gestation period the duration of pregnancy; in the human female, the average length, calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period, is 280 days, or 6 lunar . In the womb, they may share a placenta, but most of the time, each has its own amniotic sac. Ive tried with popular brand lotions and all of them are in vain. The dyspnea disappears when lightening occurs. The placenta is the organ in the uterus that delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to your baby. Signs of hypovolemic shock may indicate extensive abdominal bleeding. However, the new position places more pressure on the bladder. See: constipation, Vaginal discharge: A normal increase in vaginal discharge occurs during pregnancy. At about the 36th week in a first pregnancy (later in repeat pregnancies), the baby's head drops down low into the pelvis. Anesthesia is the use of medication to reduce or block pain, cause you to sleep, or cause you to feel relaxed during a medical procedure. Any conception that is detected by ultrasonography or serum hormone levels, whether or not the pregnancy is healthy or likely to progress to delivery of a newborn child. Once pregnancy has been confirmed, there are a range of screening tests that can be done to screen for, Other tests are recommended for women at higher risk for having a child with a birth defect. While the above symptoms are all considered to be normal, there are some symptoms that could be a sign of a more dangerous underlying problem. Now the fetus can suck its thumb and look around its watery womb with open eyes. Which vaccinations are allowed during pregnancy? The presence of two or more embryos in the uterus. Dependent edema: Pedal edema is a common third-trimester complaint related to decreased venous return from the extremities. Growth continues but slows down as the baby begins to take up most of the room inside the uterus. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. Pregnancy urine tests check for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced by a placenta. It protects your baby's skin inside the womb. The recommended weight gains during pregnancy are different for multiple gestations, e.g., a woman carrying triplets should gain about 50 lb [22.7 kg] during the course of her pregnancy. 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. At this point, the mother may feel her baby move, and she can hear the heartbeat with a stethoscope. Monoamnionic twins are identical twins who share an amniotic sac. The uterine horn may rupture between the 12th and 16th week of gestation, causing life-threatening shock. Furthermore, you can find the "Troubleshooting Login Issues" section which can answer your unresolved problems and . They usually fade slowly after delivery, TENS machine a trans-electrical nerve stimulation machine used for pain management during labour, termination of pregnancy see abortion above, theatre an operating room in a hospital or other health facility, third- or fourth-degree tear a severe tear of the perineum involving the skin, muscles and anus. Some drugs, called teratogens, have been proven harmful to a fetus, but no drug should be considered completely safe (especially during early pregnancy). Pregnancy is a state in which a woman carries a fertilized egg inside her body. The condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body after successful conception. Large for gestational age (LGA): ger than Baby's size is lar normal for how far along a woman is in her pregnancy. In biology and human medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a woman is or has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). A multiple pregnancy can happen if more than one embryo is put into the woman's body. All rights reserved. Be sure to ask lots of questions when youre unsure about anything your medical team is discussing. Electronic Fetal Monitor: An instrument used to record the heartbeat of the unborn baby as well as the mothers contractions. At the end of the first month, the embryo is about a third of an inch long, and its head and trunk-plus the beginnings of arms and legs-have started to develop. Preoperative: The patient is assessed for pain and shock. Reproductive tract changes: Alterations in uterine size, shape, and consistency include an increase in uterine muscle mass over the months of pregnancy. ), FA Davis Company, 2009. Monochorionic twins share a placenta. Taber's Medical Dictionary (21st Ed. Vital signs are monitored and oxygen administration by nonrebreather mask is started. This is called the linea nigra. Second trimester amniocentesis may be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and fetal sex. Travel abroad should be discussed with the obstetrician so that appropriate immunizations can be given. See: pelvic rock; pelvic tilt. Chorionic villus sampling may be done early in pregnancy if the family history indicates potential for genetic diseases. Home pregnancy tests are more than 97% accurate if the result is positive, and about 80% accurate if the result is negative. Vaginal bleeding, typically occurring after the onset of pain, is the result of decidual sloughing. Generally, women will gain three to five pounds in the first three months, adding one to two pounds a week until the baby is born. Contribute to reflux but the cervix to stretch for your baby are at increased risk of a problem... 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